关键词：
Linux基础之网络配置
一、查看网络配置
1.查看网络接口状态
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig ens224
ens224: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.8.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255
inet6 fe80::1344:2c57:66a9:99a6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:bc txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 139628 bytes 15557286 (14.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 156135 bytes 20632958 (19.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2.查看网关路由信息
[root@node1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.200.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens160
0.0.0.0 192.168.8.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 ens224
0.0.0.0 192.168.9.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens256
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens224
192.168.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens256
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.200.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens160
3.查看dns信息
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.200.150
nameserver 192.168.8.1
nameserver 192.168.9.1
[root@node1 ~]#
二、ifconfig网络管理工具使用
1.查看已激活网卡信息
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:3bff:fe27:6e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:3b:27:00:6e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28 bytes 3955 (3.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.200.135 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.200.255
inet6 fe80::79d4:c66c:4dfd:8050 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:b2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 63413 bytes 4855353 (4.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 51247 bytes 3972067 (3.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens224: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.8.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255
inet6 fe80::1344:2c57:66a9:99a6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:bc txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 141667 bytes 15779234 (15.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 158353 bytes 20924018 (19.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens256: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.9.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.9.255
inet6 fe80::98f4:d12d:141:ed83 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 20102 bytes 4249700 (4.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 14190 bytes 1560464 (1.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 3834 bytes 280418 (273.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3834 bytes 280418 (273.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vethe519a37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::98e4:e9ff:feda:7799 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 9a:e4:e9:da:77:99 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 50 bytes 6321 (6.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vethef87674: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::3c42:a8ff:fef3:e316 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 3e:42:a8:f3:e3:16 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 50 bytes 6321 (6.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:00:3f:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2.查看所有网卡（包括未激活）网卡信息
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig -a
3.设置网卡激活及禁用
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig ens224 up
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig ens224 down
4.配置网卡IP地址
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig ens224 172.25.25.21/24
三、nmcli网络管理工具使用
1.新加网卡配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection add ifname ens224 type ethernet con-name ens224-con224 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.11/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.1 ipv4.dns 192.168.8.1 ipv4.method manual
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection reload
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection up ens224-con224
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
[root@node1 ~]#
2.修改网卡配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens224-con224 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.11/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.1 ipv4.dns 192.168.8.1 ipv4.method manual
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection reload
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli connection up ens224-con224
3.新加网卡IP地址
nmcli connection modify ens224-con224 +ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.111/24
[root@node1 ~]# nmcli con up ens224-con224
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/10)
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip addr show ens224
3: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.11/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens224
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.8.111/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens224
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1344:2c57:66a9:99a6/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
4.查看网卡配置文件状态
[root@node1 network-scripts]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
docker0 ff8dae9c-631f-4e9d-961b-d5e09c85dbaa bridge docker0
ens160 142fe7fb-a214-497f-a638-accac6a8407d ethernet ens160
ens224-con224 1244a360-7311-472f-b6bd-25186c342c67 ethernet ens224
ens224-con256 a87770e8-3b7a-4cb4-9fbe-45bc08388cb8 ethernet ens256
virbr0 d7a40851-e7dc-477d-b479-e26eb4895d2b bridge virbr0
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
5.查看网卡设备状态
[root@node1 network-scripts]# nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens160 ethernet connected ens160
ens224 ethernet connected ens224-con224
docker0 bridge connected docker0
ens256 ethernet connected ens224-con256
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
vethe519a37 ethernet unmanaged --
vethef87674 ethernet unmanaged --
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
6.连接或断开网卡设备
[root@node1 network-scripts]# nmcli device disconnect/connect ens224
四、IP网络管理工具使用
1.查看网卡设备信息
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:b2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: ens256: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:3b:27:00:6e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: vethef87674@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 3e:42:a8:f3:e3:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
9: vethe519a37@if8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 9a:e4:e9:da:77:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
10: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:3f:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:3f:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
2.激活或禁用网卡
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip link set ens224 up/down
3.查看网络地址
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:b2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.135/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::79d4:c66c:4dfd:8050/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.11/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens224
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.8.111/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens224
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1344:2c57:66a9:99a6/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ens256: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4e:fd:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.9.11/24 brd 192.168.9.255 scope global noprefixroute ens256
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::98f4:d12d:141:ed83/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:3b:27:00:6e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:3bff:fe27:6e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: vethef87674@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 3e:42:a8:f3:e3:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
inet6 fe80::3c42:a8ff:fef3:e316/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: vethe519a37@if8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 9a:e4:e9:da:77:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::98e4:e9ff:feda:7799/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:3f:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:3f:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
4.网卡新增IP和删除IP地址
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip addr add 192.168.8.222/24 dev ens224
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ip addr del 192.168.8.222/24 dev ens224
5.管理路由表
①查看路由表
[root@node1 ~]# ip route show
default via 192.168.200.2 dev ens160 proto static metric 100
default via 192.168.9.1 dev ens256 proto static metric 102
default via 192.168.8.1 dev ens224 proto static metric 103
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1
192.168.8.0/24 dev ens224 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.8.11 metric 103
192.168.8.0/24 dev ens224 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.8.111 metric 103
192.168.9.0/24 dev ens256 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.9.11 metric 102
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown
192.168.200.0/24 dev ens160 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.200.135 metric 100
②.新增静态路由
[root@node1 ~]# ip route add 192.168.120.0/24 via 192.168.8.1
[root@node1 ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.200.2 dev ens160 proto static metric 100
default via 192.168.9.1 dev ens256 proto static metric 102
default via 192.168.8.1 dev ens224 proto static metric 103
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1
192.168.8.0/24 dev ens224 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.8.11 metric 103
192.168.8.0/24 dev ens224 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.8.111 metric 103
192.168.9.0/24 dev ens256 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.9.11 metric 102
192.168.120.0/24 via 192.168.8.1 dev ens224
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown
192.168.200.0/24 dev ens160 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.200.135 metric 100
[root@node1 ~]#
③.删除路由
[root@node1 ~]# ip route del 192.168.120.0/24 via 192.168.8.1
五、网络其他命令
1.查看网卡配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@node1 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-ens224-con224 ifcfg-ens224-con256
[root@node1 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens224-con224
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.8.11
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.8.1
DNS1=192.168.8.1
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens224-con224
UUID=1244a360-7311-472f-b6bd-25186c342c67
DEVICE=ens224
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR1=192.168.8.111
PREFIX1=24
[root@node1 network-scripts]#
2.查看及设置主机名
[root@node1 network-scripts]# hostname
node1
[root@node1 network-scripts]# hostnamectl set-hostname test
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