ensemble和stacking(代码片段)

import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
def get_stacking(clf, x_train, y_train, x_test, n_folds=10):
    """
    这个函数是stacking的核心，使用交叉验证的方法得到次级训练集
    x_train, y_train, x_test 的值应该为numpy里面的数组类型 numpy.ndarray .
    如果输入为pandas的DataFrame类型则会把报错"""
    train_num, test_num = x_train.shape[0], x_test.shape[0]
    second_level_train_set = np.zeros((train_num,))
    second_level_test_set = np.zeros((test_num,))
    test_nfolds_sets = np.zeros((test_num, n_folds))
    kf = KFold(n_splits=n_folds)

    for i,(train_index, test_index) in enumerate(kf.split(x_train)):
        x_tra, y_tra = x_train[train_index], y_train[train_index]
        x_tst, y_tst =  x_train[test_index], y_train[test_index]

        clf.fit(x_tra, y_tra)

        second_level_train_set[test_index] = clf.predict(x_tst)
        test_nfolds_sets[:,i] = clf.predict(x_test)

    second_level_test_set[:] = test_nfolds_sets.mean(axis=1)
    return second_level_train_set, second_level_test_set



#我们这里使用5个分类算法，为了体现stacking的思想，就不加参数了
from sklearn.ensemble import (RandomForestClassifier, AdaBoostClassifier,
                              GradientBoostingClassifier, ExtraTreesClassifier)
from sklearn.svm import SVC

rf_model = RandomForestClassifier()
adb_model = AdaBoostClassifier()
gdbc_model = GradientBoostingClassifier()
et_model = ExtraTreesClassifier()
svc_model = SVC()

#在这里我们使用train_test_split来人为的制造一些数据
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
iris = load_iris()
train_x, test_x, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2)

train_sets = []
test_sets = []
for clf in [rf_model, adb_model, gdbc_model, et_model, svc_model]:
    train_set, test_set = get_stacking(clf, train_x, train_y, test_x)
    train_sets.append(train_set)
    test_sets.append(test_set)

meta_train = np.concatenate([result_set.reshape(-1,1) for result_set in train_sets], axis=1)
meta_test = np.concatenate([y_test_set.reshape(-1,1) for y_test_set in test_sets], axis=1)

#使用决策树作为我们的次级分类器
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
dt_model = DecisionTreeClassifier()
dt_model.fit(meta_train, train_y)
df_predict = dt_model.predict(meta_test)

print(df_predict)

[1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 2]

from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, RegressorMixin, TransformerMixin, clone
import numpy as np
#对于分类问题可以使用 ClassifierMixin


class StackingAveragedModels(BaseEstimator, RegressorMixin, TransformerMixin):
    def __init__(self, base_models, meta_model, n_folds=5):
        self.base_models = base_models
        self.meta_model = meta_model
        self.n_folds = n_folds

    # 我们将原来的模型clone出来，并且进行实现fit功能
    def fit(self, X, y):
        self.base_models_ = [list() for x in self.base_models]
        self.meta_model_ = clone(self.meta_model)
        kfold = KFold(n_splits=self.n_folds, shuffle=True, random_state=156)

        #对于每个模型，使用交叉验证的方法来训练初级学习器，并且得到次级训练集
        out_of_fold_predictions = np.zeros((X.shape[0], len(self.base_models)))
        for i, model in enumerate(self.base_models):
            for train_index, holdout_index in kfold.split(X, y):
                self.base_models_[i].append(instance)
                instance = clone(model)
                instance.fit(X[train_index], y[train_index])
                y_pred = instance.predict(X[holdout_index])
                out_of_fold_predictions[holdout_index, i] = y_pred

        # 使用次级训练集来训练次级学习器
        self.meta_model_.fit(out_of_fold_predictions, y)
        return self

    #在上面的fit方法当中，我们已经将我们训练出来的初级学习器和次级学习器保存下来了
    #predict的时候只需要用这些学习器构造我们的次级预测数据集并且进行预测就可以了
    def predict(self, X):
        meta_features = np.column_stack([
            np.column_stack([model.predict(X) for model in base_models]).mean(axis=1)
            for base_models in self.base_models_ ])
        return self.meta_model_.predict(meta_features)